Thursday, September 3, 2020

Enthalpy Definition in Chemistry and Physics

Enthalpy Definition in Chemistry and Physics Enthalpy is a thermodynamic property of a framework. It is the total of the inside vitality added to the result of the weight and volume of the framework. It mirrors the ability to accomplish non-mechanical work and the ability to discharge heat. Enthalpy is signified as H; explicit enthalpy meant as h. Regular units used to communicate enthalpy are the joule, calorie, or BTU (British Thermal Unit.) Enthalpy in a choking procedure is steady. Change in enthalpy is determined as opposed to enthalpy, to a limited extent since all out enthalpy of a framework can't be estimated. In any case, it is conceivable to quantify the distinction in enthalpy between one state and another. Enthalpy change might be determined under states of steady tension. Enthalpy Formulas H E PV where H is enthalpy, E is interior vitality of the framework, P is weight, and V is volume d H T d S P d V What Is the Importance of Enthalpy? Estimating the adjustment in enthalpy permits us to decide if a response was endothermic (ingested heat, positive change in enthalpy) or exothermic (discharged warmth, negative change in enthalpy.)It is utilized to compute the warmth of response of a concoction process.Change in enthalpy is utilized to quantify heat stream in calorimetry.It is estimated to assess aâ throttling procedure or Joule-Thomson expansion.Enthalpy is utilized to figure least power for a compressor.Enthalpy change happens during an adjustment in the province of matter.There are numerous different utilizations of enthalpy in warm designing. Model Change in Enthalpy Calculation You can utilize the warmth of combination of ice and warmth of vaporization of water to compute the enthalpy change when ice softens into a fluid and the fluid goes to a fume. The warmth of combination of ice is 333 J/g (which means 333 J is retained when 1 gram of ice dissolves.) Theâ heat of vaporization of fluid waterâ at 100 °C is 2257 J/g. Part A: Calculate the change in enthalpy, ÃŽH, for these two procedures. H2O(s) â†' H2O(l); ÃŽH ?H2O(l) â†' H2O(g); ÃŽH ?Part B: Using the qualities you determined, locate the quantity of grams of ice you can dissolve utilizing 0.800 kJ of warmth. SolutionA. The warms of combination and vaporization are in joules, so the primary activity is convert to kilojoules. Utilizing theâ periodic table, we realize that 1â mole of water (H2O) is 18.02 g. Therefore:fusion ÃŽH 18.02 g x 333 J/1 gfusion ÃŽH 6.00 x 103 Jfusion ÃŽH 6.00 kJvaporization ÃŽH 18.02 g x 2257 J/1 gvaporization ÃŽH 4.07 x 104 Jvaporization ÃŽH 40.7 kJSo the finished thermochemical responses are:H2O(s) â†' H2O(l); ÃŽH 6.00 kJH2O(l) â†' H2O(g); ÃŽH 40.7 kJB. Now we know that:1 mol H2O(s) 18.02 g H2O(s) ~ 6.00 kJUsing this change factor:0.800 kJ x 18.02 g ice/6.00 kJ 2.40 g ice softened Answer A. H2O(s) â†' H2O(l); ÃŽH 6.00 kJ H2O(l) â†' H2O(g); ÃŽH 40.7 kJ B.â 2.40 g ice liquefied

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 6

Contextual investigation - Essay Example The contextual investigation takes note of that an European producer has approach the organization to make a vital association with the organization which shows that a few organizations feel that Morepen is ready for taking a taking a stake in if not an inside and out takeover. The offer cost of Morepen shows a descending pattern which implies that financial specialist trust in the organization has been disintegrating in the course of recent months. Be that as it may, the firm shows solid benefit after assessment figures which implies that there could be some space for experimentation however insufficient for the firm to participate in exceptionally dangerous conduct. There is a generous hazard associated with the pharmaceutical business as confirmed by the contextual investigation since the conduct of different organizations can prompt improved medications going to the market which can make more established medications out of date. Morepen doesn't seem to have enough assets to lead its own innovative work into new medications along these lines adhering to conventional medications has prompted the early accomplishment of the organization. Be that as it may, if Morepen wishes to stay serious in the market concerning different organizations who are growing new medications; it might need to make huge interests in inquire about towards making effective new medications or enhance more established medications. Fortunately, since the organization is situated in India, the improvement cost of another medication is significantly lower in this manner it is conceivable that they can make drugs which let them stay serious and evade any endeavors for takeovers. While the American and European markets stay rewarding for the organization, the home market brings the majority of their pay and they can likewise concentrate on tenderizing upgrades to the home market drugs for a more noteworthy upper hand. It must be noticed that all the proposals which can be given to the organization accompany a high component of hazard since the choices are not effectively reversible and the venture

Friday, August 21, 2020

Autism

Research Proposal/Autism Subjective research configuration was picked as the review configuration proper for the investigation on chemical imbalance. As indicated by Strauss and Corbin (1990), subjective research alludes to as each sort of study whose outcome did not depend on any measurable methodology or some other measurement strategy. As per (Patton, 2002, p.39), subjective research produces discoveries showed up at from genuine settings where the â€Å"phenomenon of premium unfurl naturally†.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Research Proposal/Autism explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This overview configuration was picked on the grounds that it reveals insight into the investigation subject while considering top to bottom comprehension and extrapolation of the discoveries to different circumstances rather than a quantitative study structure that look for easygoing assurance, expectation, and speculation of discoveries. One typical strategy for improving the legitimacy and dependability of research is through triangulation. Mathison (1988) declares that triangulation has improved to turn into an essential strategy utilized in naturalistic and subjective examinations draws near, yet in addition in assessment so as oversee predisposition and foundation substantial plans. This is on the grounds that the regular logical strategies can't be contrasted with an elective method of doing a subjective report gave by triangulation. Golafshani (2003) underpins triangulation method since it makes a subjective report solid. In spite of the significance of Reliability and Validity as a measure for quality in quantitative examinations, the terms Neutrality, Credibility, Dependability and Applicability are urgent measure for quality. Golafshani (2003) keeps on argueing that the utilization of the term â€Å"dependability† in subjective investigations is a nearby match to the possibility of â€Å"reliability† in quantitative research. Addit ionally, the creator proposes that another strategy for improving the trustworthiness of subjective research is using an appraisal technique called request review. Along these lines, the dependability of a subjective report can be surveyed at procedure and item level. Correspondingly, (Fowler, 1993) favors of the idea of steadfastness with the idea of consistency or unwavering quality in subjective research. Through evaluation of study things like crude information, information decrease items, and procedure notes reliability of information will be acknowledged (Fowler, 1993).Advertising Looking for exposition on wellbeing medication? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This overview will be founded on interviews with around 1,000 respondents, albeit some top notch reviews are significantly bigger on account of the need to cover broad regions, numerous subgroups of premium, and different contemplations. In any case, an example s ize of 1,000 has an edge of examining blunder of give or take 3 rate focuses, which is sufficiently exact to suit the motivations behind most specialists. An example of 1,000 cases likewise license creation of factual correlations among some sub-gatherings of the populace, for example, looking at the reactions among various sexual orientation classifications (people) , with an edge of inspecting mistake of around 6 focuses. For the situation where the review discoveries are accounted for to the press, the discoveries will create great round number that catches the intrigue and conceivable help of news individuals and the general population. The number of inhabitants in intrigue will be characterized as all the patients experiencing Autism in a specific emergency clinic during a particular timespan. The patient rundown to create the example will probably incorporate data about the patient’s age, term of remain, and purpose behind induction. The parameters of time, age, medical clinic, and span of stay will be utilized to restrict the extent of the examination. Semi-organized polls directed in a meeting timetable will the favored strategy for information assortment in the subjective investigation. So as to lessen predisposition, a rundown of patients (test outline), will be exposed to randomization in choosing an example that is illustrative of the entire populace. References Fowler, F. J., Jr. (1993).Survey Research Methods, second ed. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Golafshani, N. (2003). Getting unwavering quality and legitimacy in subjective research. The Qualitative Report, 8(4), 597-606. Recovered from https://nsuworks.nova.edu/tqr/vol8/iss4/6/Mathison, S. (1988). Why triangulate? Instructive Researcher, 17(2), 13-17.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Research Proposal/Autism explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Patton, M. Q. (2002). Subjective assessment and research strategies (third ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Pub lications, Inc. Strauss, A., Corbin, J. (1990). Rudiments of subjective research: Grounded theoryâ procedures and procedures. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. Mental imbalance Mental imbalance This custom research paper will concentrate on mental imbalance which is characterized as a formative inability which is accepted to happen in mid three years of a childs life. This inability comes up because of a neurological issue that really upsets the typical working of the mind which from that point debilitates the advancement of a people correspondences and collaboration capacities. Typically this issue accompanies various hindrances on various kids. Neurological disarranges like chemical imbalance in some different cases can be extremely serious, and during such interminable stages it is normally weakening in this way coming about to powerlessness of the kid influenced to play out the standard routine practices for instance family unit matters successfully and proficiently. (Francesca, 1994) The indications of this issue might be poor focus, being fickle and rest issue. Such concerns and tension causes significant pressure and may cause awful picture in the cultural viewpoint just as in the business related condition settings and other huge pieces of activity in an individual’s day by day life. We can likewise reason that such turbulences brought about by mental disarranges including chemical imbalance are not related anyway to other mental causes, for example, medicate misuse or ailments that may be identified with this sort of nervousness. (Graff, Green and Libby, 1998) Issue proclamation Research demonstrates that chemical imbalance is expressed to be among the five neurological issue alluded to as Pervasive Developmental Disorders that is supposed to convey a serious and inescapable disability in various advancement parts of a person. Chemical imbalance issue generally influences small kids and most cases have been accounted for to be interminable or serious between the ages of one to three years. As indicated by the Center for Disease Control Prevention completed in the 2007, it was discovered that an estimation of two out of 300 births numerous kids are accepted to be influenced by mental imbalance and the cases are as yet answered to be rising. As a neurological issue it represents a variety of therapist states whereby enthusiastic enduring is showed as substantial, mental and mental difficulties and in numerous occurrences physical signs are seen. In any case, it ought to be noticed that a definitive sign is that of indication of this issue which may create to b e serious to the youngster in the long haul. Numerous clinical researchers have gone to an understanding that youngsters experiencing such scatters typically have poor capacity to change in accordance with new condition, inability to modify his/her life examples and all the more explicitly the absence of capacity to develop an agreeable, all the more satisfying and a progressively extensive character that he/she wants to live in. To be sure mental imbalance issue weakens the child’s correspondence framework which may influence him/her adversely later on in the normal course of life. Clinical researchers under this examination report that the most widely recognized confusion because of chemical imbalance is that of discourse alluded to as aphonia whereby an individual can't convey boisterously however just can murmur while talking. The other regular issue related with chemical imbalance is that of mutism whereby it likewise lies under the classification of discourse issue and by and large it is hard to be analyzed and simultaneously rarely when contrasted with that of aphonia which is across the board in most youngsters. (Guralnick, 1998) Reason for the Study The motivation behind this examination is to recognize whether this chemical imbalance issue is treatable and what are the methods for treatment accessible. Chemical imbalance is supposed to be profoundly settled in self image protection component whereby it prompts developing of behaviors and imagining that outcomes to a youngster influenced to free preference forever. In this way the general motivation behind this investigation is to shed more knowledge on the indications, causes and methods of treatment of this issue so as to prepare for the most part the guardians on the best way to control the spread and impacts of this issue. Advantages of leading the exploration This investigation will in this way empower the groups of the people experiencing mental imbalance to acknowledge and gain proficiency with the best techniques and methods of treating their relatives influenced with such a confusion. This investigation will offer plan to the families who somehow have been influenced with this issue; is they will get reasonable data about chemical imbalance and especially the methods of treatment regarded to be successful in controling the confusion. Confinements of the examination Since this is an exploratory examination it will infer that additional time will be expected to lead the examination so as to locate the important data that will reflect to the general conduct of the confusion. Likewise another limitation is that of accessibility of assets since the exploration will require the specialist to reach to a more extensive populace through talking numerous respondents. Research Hypothesis The announcement about this examination subject that mirrors the general result of this exploration zone will be; there is huge proof that the antagonistic impacts regular in the

Tuesday, June 9, 2020

The Ultimate First Generation Scholarship List

If your student is the first person in your family heading to college, they may be eligible for first generation scholarship opportunities. These scholarships are designed to make furthering their education more affordable for first-in-family college students.There are a ton of scholarships that target first generation college students. If your student is breaking new ground in your family by working toward their degree, heres everything you need to know as well as the ultimate list of first generation scholarship opportunities.What Are First Generation Scholarship Opportunities?First gen scholarships are a form of financial aid that focuses on students who are either the first in their family to go to college or whose parents dont have college degrees. The exact qualifications can vary from one scholarship to the next, as some have additional eligibility requirements as well.Often, these scholarships are meant to make college more affordable for families who may have lower income le vels. Additionally, they serve as an incentive for students who want to further their education and will be the first in their family to pursue higher education.As with all scholarships, it is important that your student read the requirements for any first generation scholarship opportunities they want to pursue. Organizations may define first generation differently, so your student needs to review the eligibility requirements to make sure they qualify.Here are some possible definitions of first generation college student a committee may use:Neither parent has a Bachelors degree or aboveNeither parent has an Associates degree or aboveNeither parent has a college degree or certificateNeither parent nor any siblings have ever enrolled in or attended any collegeNo immediate family members (parents, siblings, or children) have obtained a degree nor attended collegeWhich definition is used is up to the awarding organization. As a result, some students may be considered as first gen by on e committee but not another.Additionally, its important to note that the awards may have additional qualifications beyond being a first gen student, making it crucial that your student examines every requirement before they start an application.The Ultimate List of First Generation College Student ScholarshipsThe scholarships in this list either target first generation college students specifically or tend to give first gen students special consideration, increasing the odds that a first generation college student is selected.General 1st Generation Scholarship OpportunitiesSome first generation scholarship options can help students at a variety of schools pay for college. They arent limited to just one college, though they may limit applicants based on a set of schools or other criteria. Here are some first generation scholarship opportunities that fall in this category:Choose Your Future Scholarship FundCynthia E. Morgan Memorial ScholarshipFarash Foundation First in Family Scholar shipFirstGen FellowsFlorida FGMGFontana Transport Inc. Scholars ProgramIm First! ScholarshipISFA First Generation College Student ProgramPatty and Melvin Alperin First Generation ScholarshipSallie Mae and Hispanic College Fund First in My Family ScholarshipSmith Scholarship FoundationStudySoup First in Family ScholarshipTIP GrantsTELACU Education Foundation College Success ProgramTMCF Coca-Cola First Generation ScholarshipTMCF Walmart Foundation First Generation ScholarshipUNCF Coca-Cola First Generation ScholarshipVAMOS ScholarshipsSchool-Specific 1st Generation ScholarshipsCertain scholarships for first generation college students are available through specific schools. If your student plans to attend any of these colleges and is considered a first gen student, they are definitely worth exploring.Grand Valley University Frederik Meijer First Generation Honors ScholarshipIowa State Benjamin and Patricia Allen ScholarshipMcLennan Community College First Generation Scholars John Fi sher College Fannie Sam Constantino First Generation Scholarship Marys University First Generation Initiative ScholarshipTexas AM Regents ScholarshipUC Berkeley Student Support Services Scholars AcademyUC Berkeley George A. Miller Scholars ProgramUniversity of Chicago Odyssey ScholarshipsUniversity of Colorado Boulder First Generation GrantHow to Apply for First Generation Scholarship OpportunitiesApplying for first generation college student scholarship awards isnt unlike applying for any other scholarship. Your student will need to make sure they are eligible and then follow the instructions provided by the awarding organization.If your student is starting the process, its wise that they create a system that allows them to organize scholarship materials to save time. This ensures that critical documents are kept in a safe place and remain accessible, streamlining their applications.Additionally, it is wise for your student to learn about writing scholarship essays. Nearly every legitimate scholarship will require at least one essay. Sometimes it helps to look at samples of essays that won money, as these can give your student direction. Additionally, doing some research about scholarship scams can help ensure your student focuses on genuine opportunities.Its also important to remember that, once your student wins a scholarship, their work isnt done. There are additional steps they need to take after theyve won a scholarship, including some that ensure the money ends up in the right place and that your student properly shows their appreciation for the award.If you and your student want to learn more about where to find first generation scholarship opportunities or other scholarships,sign up for our free college scholarship webinar! Head over to http://thescholarshipsystem.com/freewebinar to reserve your spot today.PinRedditShareLeave a Comment

Sunday, May 17, 2020

Economic Terms and Health Care History - 879 Words

Economic Terms and Health Care History In this paper the author will describe the history of health care economics along with the evolution and timeline of health care funding. Gaining insight from economical terms can assist with understanding the history and future changes; terms such as, elasticity, inelasticity, supply and demand. Health care costs are changing over the years and by understanding the history of health care economics will help individuals be prepared for future amendments. History, evolution and timeline of funding. Economics in the United States (US) health care is experiencing transformations during the course of history. Previously, the economical changes in health care may be due to the evolutionary†¦show more content†¦In the 1960’s, The Social Security Act, employer-provided health insurance and the government had taken responsibility in health insurance. The additions would provide insurance for the elderly and less fortunate; these de veloping expectations would alter supply and demand (Getzen Allen, 2007). Understanding how the flow of funds falls in line with knowing what transactions take place between sellers and buyers. It is best to also understand where the monies sources come from, how the money flows throughout the system and how the funds are used; and how to make the right choices based on if the resource of supplies in greater than the need to have the product no matter what the cost will be; this process is known as elasticity or inelasticity (2007). Examining how these behaviors and decision process are broken down into branches of economics is known as microeconomics. All the components that allocate how decisions are made for resources affects the need for supply and demand. Particularly, microeconomics deals with market breakdown. An example can be when the market does not resourcefully arrange or distribute services and goods to the consumer (2007). Inefficient organization of production will result in an unsatisfied buyer being able to purchase their necessities. However, if a microeconomic production is doing well, it will avoid difficult circumstances and profit in all aspects. In the text HealthShow MoreRelatedHcs/440 Individual Essay755 Words   |  4 PagesEconomic Terms and Health Care History Amber Rainwater HCS/440 Economics: The History of Health Care February 26, 2012 Health Care History Throughout the history of the United States, the economics of the health care system has experienced many changes. There are many factors to consider that has been the drive behind many of the changes within the health care system. Medical and surgical technologies are some factors that relate to the changes in health care. Besides these factors, allocatingRead MoreHistory and Evolution of Health Care Economics Essay936 Words   |  4 PagesHistory and Evolution of Health Care Economics University of Phoenix History and Evolution of Health Care Economics Health care economics have drastically changed over the course of history in the United States. While some can contribute these changes due to the evolutionary changes the US has undergone since her inception, the major contributing factors that influence the changes in health care economics are advances in technology and medical care. By understanding the history of healthRead MoreThe Health Care System Is Designed, And How It Functions1345 Words   |  6 PagesAll of my courses have enhanced my understanding of how the US health care system is designed, and how it functions. I have gotten a clearer glimpse into how it is supposed to work, in theory, though I am aware of some the pitfalls of the system, in practice. But I would say my coursework in HCA 6200 (US Heatlh Care System), HCA 6275 (Evolution of Managed Care) have enhanced my awareness of the social, economic, political factors affecting the practice of healthcare professionals. They have affectedRead MoreBusiness P roposal Economic Analysis1552 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿The United States health care system relies heavily on private health insurance, which is the main source of coverage for most Americans. According to the Center of Disease Control, approximately 58% of Americans have private health insurance. The primary public programs are Medicare, a federal social insurance program for seniors and certain disabled individuals and Medicaid, also referred to as Medical. These two are funded jointly by the federal government and states but managed at the stateRead MoreEconomics : The Financing Of Health Care1379 Words   |  6 Pages Thomas Gordon Healthcare Economic History ECONOMICS: THE FINANCING OF HEALTH CARE March 2, 2016 Lena Watson Health Care History The United States HealthCare System is pushing and getting ready to have a huge reformation. It is evolving on a major substantial evolution from its organization, management structure, and payment structure. The economic component of healthcare is equally important to better understanding the order to structure stature and is very successful. InRead MoreHealth Care Coverage in the United Staes Essay1021 Words   |  5 PagesHealth care coverage in the United States is a big business with a relatively recent history. For a company like Castor insurance, providing health care coverage is just as much of a business enterprise as any venture undertaken by a modern organization. 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Asymmetric information affects the health care and insurance market because thoseRead MoreThe New Eldercare Service Model Must Be One Of Inclusion1293 Words   |  6 Pages Chapter Health Disparities in America The new eldercare service model must be one of inclusion. We can no longer afford to marginalize any group of seniors. –Author Introduction I n the United States, wealth is the strongest determinant of health; and the strength of this relationship is profound and continues to increase. Wealth confers many benefits that are associated with health and quality of life outcomes. Wealth creates disparities in high quality education, employment, housing, childcareRead MoreHealth Care Organizations Essay920 Words   |  4 Pagesmost likely will cause health care organizations to merge. Provide support for your rationale. Cost is the driver that will most likely cause healthcare organizations to merge. Most healthcare organizations have issues with spending. Most industries today are faced with a variety of obstacles in achieving or remaining profitable. The healthcare industry is no exception. Profitability is enough of a challenge under normal circumstances, but especially so during fragile economic times. Uncertain revenueRead MoreThe Economics Of Pediatric Head Injury1435 Words   |  6 PagesSTATEMENT OF GRANT PURPOSE Sonia Singh, United Kingdom, Health Economics The Economics of Pediatric Head Injury Economic evaluation of health care delivery is a global necessity. The U.S spends 17% of its GDP annually towards health care compared with 8-9% by Australia and the United Kingdom. In contrast, when comparing government spending of cash and services for families with children, the U.S. spends 2.4% of its GDP per child under 15 years, compared to 11.8% in the U.K. and 8.9% in Australia

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Christopher Columbus What It America - 983 Words

1492 Christopher Columbus finds America Explorer and navigator Christopher Columbus was born in 1451 in the Republic of Genoa, Italy. His first voyage into the Atlantic Ocean in 1476 nearly cost him his life. Columbus participated in several other expeditions after. He has been credited for opening up the Americas to European colonization. Columbus was rejected by Genoa, Portugal, Venice, and Spain for a crew to explore with. During his expedition to America he visited Haiti, Dominican Republic, and Cuba. Columbus was becoming very discouraged and mad while traveling through the Atlantic. Columbus didn t â€Å"discover† America, he never even touched the ground in North America but he was the first to see it. However during four separate trips Columbus landed on various Caribbean islands that are now the Bahamas as well as the island later called Hispaniola. He also explored the Central and South American coasts. July 4th 1776 Declaration of Independence The Declaration of Independance was a letter from the thirteen American colonies (at the time), then at war with Great Britain, regarded themselves as thirteen newly independent sovereign states, and no longer a part of the British Empire. Instead they formed a new nation, the United States of America. Since then we have lost the actual signed paper but a signed copy that is known to many as the official document, is in the National Archives in Washington, D.C. Sep. 17th 1787 Constitution The U.S. ConstitutionShow MoreRelatedChristopher Columbus And The Columbus1365 Words   |  6 PagesChristopher Columbus Most people think of Christopher Columbus as the person who discovered the Americas. However, Leif Ericson, a Viking, was the first European to see the Americas. â€Å"Christopher Columbus - born Cristoforo Colombo but was called in Spain Cristobal Colon†(Heat-Moon 4) was born to Domenico Colombo and Susanna Fontanarossa sometime between August 25 and October 31, 1451 in Italy near Genoa (Heat-Moon 4). â€Å"Christopher Columbus had four other siblings; Bartholomew Columbus, BianchinettaRead MoreChristopher Columbus : The Greatest Failure995 Words   |  4 Pageshad or has enemies. Christopher Columbus was this man. It is Christopher Columbus that sailed around the world and accidently discovered the â€Å"New World† in 1492 according to an article by frontpagemag.com. This was no ordinary man, Christopher was brave and willing to take risks. Keep in mind Christopher Columbus was living in a world where â€Å"a lot of ordinary people thought the world was flat (Alm asy, CNN). Christopher may not have been the first person to discover the Americas, but he played a vitalRead MoreChristopher Columbus: Not a Hero1057 Words   |  5 PagesHave you ever wondered why America has had an annual holiday known as Columbus Day ever since the early 1900s? While enjoying the day off has the question of why an Italian explorer has a day dedicated to him in America ever occurred to you? Probably not, but every American with at least an elementary education has the general knowledge that Christopher Columbus is the hero credited with discovering America. It wouldn’t be an overstatement to even say that he is a national icon. In actuality, he’sRead MoreBiography of Chirstopher Columbus1081 Words   |  4 Pages Christopher Columbus was born in the republic of Genova, Italy on October 31st, 1451. Christopher Columbus made three voyages to different parts of the world. He was a navigator and an explorer, knowing his waters really well. 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Books tell of new resources, materials, and goods that made it all the way across the sea from Genoa, but students have not been introduced to the carryover of disease(s) that Columbus and hisRead MoreChristopher Columbus And The Era Of The Americas1349 Words   |  6 Pages Many people think of Christopher Columbus as the person who discovered the Americas. However, Leif Ericson, a Norseman or Viking, was the first European to see the Americas. Columbus was born to Domenico Colombo and Susanna Fontanarossa sometime between August 25 and October 31, 1451 in Italy near Genoa (Heat-Moon 4). â€Å"Columbus had four other siblings† (Phillips 64). Columbus’ childhood was a tough one, even though he had a great parental guidance. â€Å"Columbus grew up in a medieval world exhaustedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Christopher Columbus 1126 Words   |  5 PagesBailey Gilmore Mr. Boone World History Period 7 2015 November 4 Christopher Columbus Explorer. Navigator. Colonizer. 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Free to love whom you wantRead MoreDisadvantages Of Christopher Columbus804 Words   |  4 PagesChristopher Columbus was an explorer, navigator, and survivalist who was born and raised in Italy as the eldest son to Domenico Colombo and Susanna Fontanarossa. Columbus went on many explorations, but his most famous was his exploration to the new world. For this exploration Columbus managed to convince the Spanish monarchs, King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella, to hire an Italian explorer to work for the Spanish government. There are many advantages and disadvanta ges to hiring an explorer fromRead MoreThe Truth about Christopher Columbus983 Words   |  4 Pagesknows the saying Columbus sailed the ocean blue in 1492. However, there is a lot more to Christopher Columbus than what everyone was taught in elementary school through high school. Columbus is thought to be a hero, but just being classified as a hero is a fallacy. Several works including Christopher Columbus and the Enterprise of the Indies and The Lies my Teacher Told Me have been published about the real Christopher Columbus and his legacy. The story of Christopher Columbus begins in the city

Concentration, Solution, Density Essay Sample free essay sample

This research lab involved utilizing equipment to thin a sugar H2O solution. It besides created solutions incorporating varying degrees of concentrations and densenesss. Equations were used to calculate the molecular weight of the sugar. and the figure of moles of sugar in the volumetric flask. There was besides an equation to calculate the Molarity. every bit good. As a consequence of the experiment. I now have a better apprehension of the denseness of a concentration. and what Molarity is. ObservationsData Table 8: Initial ConcentrationChemicalMass ( g ) Molecular Weight ( g ) Moles in Volumetric FlaskTotal Volume ( L ) Molarity ( mol/L ) Sugar ( C12H22O11 ) 8331. 230. 0241525 0. 9961 *As a side note. upon researching the molecular weight of sugar. I found it to be 342. 30 g. non 331. 23 g. nevertheless. in my computation I used 15. 00 g as the molecular weight of O2. whereas online 16. 00 g was used. Eight8 g of sugar were placed on the graduated table. and so transferred into the volumetric flask ( Table 8 shows the computations of the molecular weight. We will write a custom essay sample on Concentration, Solution, Density Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page moles. mass. volume and molar concentration recorded before making so ) . Distilled H2O was added to the sugar until a sum of 25mL were in the flask. Then the flask was capped. and the solution was assorted together until the sugar was dissolved. Once dissolved. the solution was transferred into the glass beaker. and certain facets were measured and recorded in table 9. Once this measure was complete. 2. 5 milliliter were removed from the solution. and diluted in the volumetric flask. The stairss were so repeated utilizing different sums of the diluted solution each clip. Data Table 9: Dilution SeriessDilutionVolume ( milliliter ) Mass ( g ) Density ( g/mL ) Initial Concentration ( M ) Volume Transferred ( milliliter ) Final Concentration ( M ) 025 mL27. 41. 0960. 96610 mL0. 9661125 mL24. 60. 9840. 96612. 5 mL0. 09661225 mL24. 60. 9840. 096614. 5 mL0. 01739325 mL24. 40. 9760. 017393 mL0. 00209425 mL24. 60. 9840. 002096 mL0. 0007*Excel would non maintain concluding 0’s at the terminal of the Numberss for important figure intents. As the solution was going more diluted. the denseness appeared to be reduced really somewhat or remain the same. but the concentration was perceptibly going less. ( Molarity is y-axis. Density is x-axis ) QuestionsH. ) How would you fix 10 milliliter of a 0. 25M HCl solution if 1M HCl was available? How much 1M HCl is needed? How much distilled H2O is used? You would hold to thin 1 M HCl in distilled H2O to acquire a less concentrated 0. 25 M HCl. To make this. you would hold to find the sum of moles in the concluding concentration of 10 milliliter 0. 25 M HCl solution by utilizing the expression M1*V1 = M2*V2. M1*V1 = M2*V2M1 = 0. 25 MeterV1 = 10 milliliterM2 = 1 MV2 = M1*V1 / M2 =0. 25 ten 10 / 1 = 2. 5 milliliter A 10 mL solution incorporating 2. 5 milliliter of 1 M HCl needs to be prepared. To find the sum of distilled H2O to be used. you would necessitate to take the entire solution minus the sum of HCl to be used. 10 mL – 2. 5 mL = 7. 5 milliliter of distilled H2O I. ) From the Excel chart of Molarity vs. Density. what was the relationship between the molar concentration of the sugar solution and the denseness of the sugar solution? From the chart. you can state that the relationship between the molar concentration of the sugar solution and the denseness of the sugar solution vary. It seemed at first that the higher the solution denseness. the higher the molar concentration. and the lower the denseness. the lower the molar concentration ( and frailty versa ) . However. the denseness appeared to stay the same for several dilutions. but the molar concentration kept dropping. so one could presume that there is no relationship between the molar concentration and the denseness.

Tuesday, April 21, 2020

The Barns Of North America Essay Research free essay sample

The Barns Of North America Essay, Research Paper Ryan Podach Paper # 1 Podach 1 The barns of North America are some of the most nostalgic topographic points among all others throughout the heartland. All barns have a narrative to state, and their interiors portion with us what has went on inside them for old ages. Like a huntsman finds delight in looking at his environment to state what his quarry is making, I find delight in meticulously looking at the visceras of a barn. A individual can get down right at the enormous dual doors, look down to see the wood of the chief floor where the wood is worn smooth and is about silken to the touch from the old ages of usage. Archaic oil discolorations, about disfiguring the beauty of this fantastic organic structure of lumber ballad where one time an antique tractor set. There is a light coat of dust on the floor, and it clunks hollowly or whine as a set of work boots cross the floor. We will write a custom essay sample on The Barns Of North America Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Many brace of work boots have followed the same waies for old ages, indicated by the flaxen finish taking to a milk house, hayloft ladder, or over to feed bunk are all worn musca volitanss where pess have systematically tread. The looming walls of sweetly smelling hay and bright, clean straw up supra in the loft seem to keep warmth indoors even when the snow is forcing through the knotholes and loose boards. These bales muffle the sound of blowing air current that sifts snow across the impetuss outdoors. A pitchfork leans against a wall, its worn tines drop midway into a bale of abrasive hay. Looking up to the loft opens a new possibility for I magination. An old hay sling, covered with age bents retired, as a new coevals of devices has been concocted to make the work. Sisal twine strings bent on a nail, discarded and set aside for another practical Podach 2 usage. The floor up in the loft is littered with old provender pokes, an mixture of tools, ropes and other homemade devices used to rush up work. Way up high is a window, a window glass of glass losing likely due to a male child and his BB gun. The Equus caballus stalls run alonging the wall underneath the loft is still full of straw and bunks full of dust sit rendered useless after the tractor was invented. In a stall sits a maize sheller, one with a manus grouch and Fe wheel that give the cogwheels their turning power, it has shelled 100s of bushels of maize. Leather Equus caballus tack still hangs on the wall where it serves as a spider web ground tackle. Steping outside, age is rebelliously apparent with skining pigment, decomposing herpes zosters, and losing boards. The glass Earth on the lightning rods all have been broken in one manner or another, their wires corroding down the barn turnout and into the land. A disregarded Studabaker pickup rusts the old ages off beside an old lift. Both were one time indispensable to mundane workings, now they have been lost in the modernizing of machinery and are left to crumple. Barns have been indispensable in the development of America throughout history, but they are shortly to be no more. Time has aged them in every manner conceivable and yet they continue to keep concealed hoarded wealths in every nook and crevice.

Sunday, March 15, 2020

The Royal Tennenbaums essays

The Royal Tennenbaums essays From the quirky yet comical mind of Wes Anderson, comes a film about a dysfunctional family that tries to make amends with the downfall and corruption that erased the dreams of a nuclear family. Andersons two previous cult classics Bottle Rocket and Rushmore failed to ignite at the box office but received impressive reviews. The Royal Tenenbaums is certainly not a film for everybody, but theres no doubt that its a dazzling original piece of work. Wes uses offbeat eccentricities, damaged characters, and a bizarre yet profound comedy that comes along all too rarely. He may have created as close to a musical as you can get with out any characters busting into song or choreographed shuffles. It possesses a certain fantastic beauty that is only attainable in fantasy, yet has all aspects that would classify this movie as fiction. This movie will leave the viewer like a wallflower at a high school prom. We want to desperately be apart of its perspective of New York City but we are also awar e of the utter fakeness of it all. The main theme of The Royal Tenenbaums is how an incompetent father, who was separated from his family for nearly twenty years, tries to make up for his lack of concern and misery that he has brought to his children. Wes Andersons grew up in Houston, Texas. While attending the University of Texas at Austin, he met actor/writer Owen Wilson who helped him write the screenplay to The Royal Tenenbaums. The idea for this movie was partially biographical with the aspect of the family situation, but generally everything else was made up by the two unpredictable, cock-eyed geniuses. In the very beginning of the movie, Anderson wants you to believe that the film is an adaptation of a book with the same name. As viewers, we obtain his book at the library, watch as its dated, and embrace its plastic cover even though we know it will never truly be ours. Wes spent years getting all the research and p...

Friday, February 28, 2020

The System of Electronic Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

The System of Electronic Business - Essay Example Whereas supply chain management is relatively straightforward to define, e-logistics inspires varying definitions. E-logistics can be defined to be the mechanism of automating logistics processes and providing an integrated, end-to-end fulfillment and supply chain management services to the players of logistics processes. Those logistics processes that are automated by e-logistics provide supply chain visibility and can be part of existing e-Commerce or Workflow systems in an enterprise (Zhang 2008). On the other hand, in a commercial manifestation, UPS presents its e-Logistics service as the hosting of a virtual logistics department for other companies that then present this capability as their own, but leave UPS to run and manage it (Levy 2008). These viewpoints can be considered as two halves making a whole in the light of the case study that we have selected: UPS, the company under consideration applies e-logistics in Zhang's sense to its own internal operation and offers e-logistics as in Levy's description to its business customers. With regard to these definitions, e-logistics is a part of supply chain management in general, but not an obligatory part. Supply chain management may or may not include such e-enablement. However, in this paper, our goal is to investigate the situation when supply chain management does use the Internet either wholly or partially and in particular what advantages or disadvantages are conferred by e-logistics. If the supply chain business process relating to e-logistics is most natural that of order fulfillment, other processes that complete the picture are customer relationship management, customer service management, and demand management. These processes involve all of the major departments of a typical company which is those of quality, logistics, marketing and sales, production, R&D, and finance (National Research Council 2000). A common theme in works on supply chain management is the competitive advantage to be gained from a fully integrated supply chain. Integrating into a single supply chain is hailed as the deciding factor for companies that will now succeed or fail (Handfield & Nicolas 1999).

Wednesday, February 12, 2020

Dissertation,Cross Culture Communication at Restaurant Literature review

Dissertation,Cross Culture Communication at Restaurant - Literature review Example Perhaps it is imperative to understand culture because it is the backbone of solving intercultural communication in every organizational set-up including restaurants. Merkin (2011) defines it; culture refers to customs, beliefs and formalities that define a society. Society in this context may be tribe, nation, region or business entities. The technological advancements and emergencies of multinational companies operating across borders consider the study of cross-cultural communication an inevitable move. For instance, if a U.S companies considers establishing a Greenfield investment in Nigeria, the company needs to understand how to communicate with Nigerians because aspects such as marketing largely depend on communication. Additionally, the company will have to employee Nigerians to work hence knowing how to talk enables the company handle their workforce appropriately. The scenario primarily applies to the hospitality industry that absorbs a large number of workers. Merkin (2011) emphasizes that migration across borders has been on the increase due to the quick transportation means, hence understanding cross-cultural communication helps peop le when they seek opportunities in various industries. Organizations too, benefit as they get to comprehend how to manage a diverse workforce. First, the demographic shifts illustrate that international migration is on the rise due to factors such as education, business activities, and work and government diplomacy. Evidently, people from different nations, tribes and regions are likely to find themselves existing in a single social setting. Understanding cross-cultural communication is necessary to promote harmonious living where people do not feel their culture is despised. Secondly, intercultural communication is strategically important to companies that have the diversified workforce and operate as multinational (Pekerti and Thomas, 2015). For instance, the

Friday, January 31, 2020

Production of a teaching material with accompanying commentary on Essay

Production of a teaching material with accompanying commentary on design principles (equivalent of 3500 words) - Essay Example According to Syatriana et al, (2013, p.11), writing and speaking are termed as the productivity skills while reading and listening are both the receptive skills. Productivity skills are the fruits of receptive skills. Therefore, reading and listening skills within the students will always determine their overall performances. Our instructional material will focus the language skills for grammar improvement to be fully felt. The appendix will show the instructional materials that were used. This model argues that the first stage in the development of teaching materials is for the teachers and learners to identify the current trends in teaching and learning respectively. Every time the material developer should ensure that they always introduce new materials. The next phase will be to identify the area of problem that the language subjects are experiencing since one neither can nor solve a problem that has no roots. Contextualization of the materials is the next stage whereby the locally available materials are used in language skills. Pedagogical realization will involve design of appropriate exercise, activities and assignments that will help the students to gauge what they have leant. Finally, the materials are physically produced in the form of course books inclusive of visual, book size and layout (Syatriana et al., 2013, p.15). I am going to apply the model in designing of the instructional materials. In the two hours lesson, the students are going to improve their grammar skills in usage of articles and comparative and superlative phrases. In conjunction with the intended lesson plan, the students will have a chance to refresh on their past learnt materials and apply them. For example, there will be use of punctuation marks and opposites. The punctuation marks to be used are comma, full stop and question marks. As a teacher, the usage of the articles will first be defined and their appropriate use made in vowels and consonant

Thursday, January 23, 2020

HuckleBerry Finn Character List :: essays papers

HuckleBerry Finn Character List He is the protagonist and narrator of the novel. Huck is a thirteen-year-old boy. Huck is dirty and frequently homeless. He was constantly forced to survive on his own wits. But Huck is thoughtful, â€Å"street smart† rather than â€Å"book smart†. In fact he was uneducated. He was always an outcast, he was willing to come to his own conclusions about important stuff, even if the conclusions frequently contradicted society's norms. Huck was easily influenced by others, particularly by his friend Tom. Jim He is one of Miss Watson’s household slaves. He is sometimes a little sentimental and very superstitious to the point where you might think he is stupid, but its because he knew the world around him. But he was also intelligent, practical, and I think, more of an adult than anyone else in the book. He became a replacement dad to Huck as well as a friend. Because he is a black man and a runaway slave, he was afraid of getting caught, so he became paranoid. Jim was at the mercy of almost all the other characters in the book. Tom Sawyer He was Huck's friend in this novel. He is everything that Huck is not. Tom's stubborn reliance on the "authorities" of romance novels leads him to acts of incredible stupidity and startling cruelty. His adherence to the uncivilized world gives him something in common with Huck. He learns to see through and alienate himself from the â€Å"forces† that try to civilize him. Pap Huck's father and the town drunk. When he appears at the beginning of the novel, he is a wreck, with pale white skin and decrepit old clothes. Illiterate himself, he disapproves of Huck’s education. Many surrogates are forced to care for his son. Pap represented â€Å"white trash†. Most of the black characters in the book were morally and physically better than he was. He was a dead-beat and abusive dad. Judge Thatcher Judge Thatcher shared responsibility for Huck with the Widow Douglas, and is in charge of safeguarding the money that Huck found. He takes responsibility for issues affecting the community as a whole. He cared for Huck. When Huck discovers that Pap had returned to town, he signed his fortune over to the Judge, instead of taking it, he promised to hold it for him. Judge Thatcher has a daughter, Becky, who was Tom's girlfriend in the earlier novel.

Wednesday, January 15, 2020

Outline and Evaluate Research Into the Effects of Day Care on Social Development Essay

Belsky and Rovine (1988) conducted a study in order to assess attachment using the strange situation technique. They observed infants who had been receiving 20 hours or more of day care per week before the age of 1. Their findings suggested that, in comparison to children at home, these children were more often insecurely attached. With insecure attachments being associated with poorer social relationships this may be considered a negative effect of day care. The NICHD started a longitudinal study in 1991 to study many aspects of child development. Similarly the NICHD study found that children who were in day care for more than 30 hours a week were 3 times more likely to show behaviour problems when they went to school. By comparing the two studies we can see that the amount of time spent in day care plays an important role in whether or not children showed negative effects. However Violata and Russell’s meta-analysis showed that when time spent in day care exceeds 20 hours a week negative effects become apparent however the NICHD study found this time to be 30 hours therefore the results are contradictory and inconsistent. The EPPE study was a large scale, longitudinal study of the progress and development of 3,000 children in various types of pre-school education across the UK. The results of the EPPE study found that high levels of day care, particularly nursery care in the first 2 years, may elevate the risk of developing anti-social behaviour. To some degree the EPPE study supports the findings of Belsky and Rovine’s study as both found that the age of the child when placed in day care contributed to whether or not it was perceived to have negative implications. However the two studies can only be looked at comparatively to a certain extent as Belsky and Rovine’s study assessed infants under the age of 1 whereas the EPPE study assessed children up to the age of 7. Clarke-Steward et al studied 150 children and found that those who were in day care were consistently more advanced in their social development than  children who stayed home with mothers, enabling them to better deal with peer relationships. Likewise, the EPPE study found increased independence and sociability in the children who attended day care. Field (1991) found that the amount of time spent in full-time day care was positively correlated to the number of friends children has once they went to school. However, although these findings suggest that full-time day care had positive effects on the child, the results clash with studies conducted by Belsky and Rovine. This may be due to individual differences of the children assessed in both studies, for example shy children may have appeared insecure when assessed using the strange situation technique by Belsky and Rovine. Moreover the positive correlation shown in Field’s study cannot accurately be used as grounds to state that full-time day care causes children to be more popular as correlation is not causation.

Tuesday, January 7, 2020

Analysis Of The Article The Federalist Papers By James...

Upon its founding in 1776 the United States has undergone two constitutions, the first being the Articles of Confederation, with the second being our modern Constitution. The Articles of Confederation was adopted on November 15, 1777 and ran the country until June 21, 1788; the date our constitution was ratified. The intentions for our constitutions, according to our Founding Fathers, was to limit and govern the powers of those who limit and govern the state itself. Upon the ratification of the United States Constitution select individuals expressed Their opinions on how a government should be ran in a series of 85 articles. In these papers dubbed â€Å"The Federalist papers†, James Madison explains and defends the checks and balances system unique to our Constitution. In Federalist Paper No.51, Each branch of government is built so that their powers are checked by the powers of the other two branches; additionally, the powers of the three branches are checked by the people, who are the source of legitimate authority. â€Å"It may be a reflection on human nature, that such devices [checks and balances] should be necessary to control the abuses of government†¦If men were angels, no government would be necessary. If angels were to govern men, neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary†¦A dependence on the people is, no doubt, the primary control on the government; but experience has taught mankind the necessity of auxiliary precautions.† How did the foundersShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Federalist 10 By James Madison1525 Words   |  7 PagesIn Federalist 10 by James Madison, he addresses key issues like factions and democracy, all while focusing on the usefulness of the Constitution and the necessity of a strong central government, to defend his Federalist ideology. Personally, I agree with the foundation of his arguments, especially on the topic of forms of government, as well as the role of representation in our government. Madison’s primary focus throughout the beginning of this paper is factions. He holds a deep disdain for themRead More The Life and Political Career of James Madison Essay4338 Words   |  18 PagesCareer of James Madison James Madison is most widely known as the father of the Constitution. It is a title â€Å"deeply deserved on many accounts† (Wills 37). Although his many achievements at times are overshadowed by his work on the Constitution, Madison’s life reflects a legislative talent (Wills 3). Through his interest in politics, he was able to shape the forming nation. Education, illness, and religion dominated the beginning of James Madison’s life; the experiences enabled Madison to writeRead MoreThe Framers And The Constitution2216 Words   |  9 Pagesstrict. They wanted to clearly state exactly how the government will be set up and how the powers of it will be evenly distributed. If the framers were going to make a document that completes so many great objectives and perfects the flaws of the Articles of Confederation, why would they want the people who read the Constitution to interpret it loosely? Such a philosophy would defeat the purpose of writing a Constituti on all together. The framers wanted the people who read and interpret the ConstitutionRead MoreTerm Limits Essay1070 Words   |  5 Pagesterm limits will highlight Article I, Section 4, which they say gives each state the authority to prescribe the time, place and manner of congressional elections, therefore delegating to the local level the rules of who gets to run. Opponents will counter that such an interpretation of the Constitution is much too broad. They will also point out that the exclusive qualifications for members of the House of Representatives and the Senate are explicitly set forth in Article I, Sections 2 and 3 - membersRead MoreAnti Federalists Vs. Federal Republicans Essay1766 Words   |  8 PagesIn modern America, many citizens hold to the notion that the Constitution was adopted unanimously, without debate or disagreement. Not only is this not the case, the debate and disagreement that took place during the institution of the governing articles for the newly formed country are ultimately responsible for the system we have in place today as the concerns and counterpoints raised in the discussion were more crucial to the successful continuance of stability in the nation than any unanimousRead MoreThe Dysfunction of American Politics: How the Debasement of the American Citizenry has Facilitated Political Chaos2236 Words   |  9 Pagessystem is guilelessly attributed to party polarization. Yet, political faction, according to James Madison, is not necessarily a bad thing. Instead, he argues in The Federalist that it is an essential and effective feature of a properly structured government. Bessette and Pitney, Jr. support the idea that â€Å"strong partisanship†¦can be healthy for deliberation and democracy† (296). In Federalist 51, Madison suggests that because of human nature’s shortcomings coupled with the opportunity of power throughRead MoreAn American Ideal Of Equality Is Not An America At All.1501 Words   |   7 Pagestexts that better explain the American Ideal of equality are; The Federalist Papers/The Anti-federalist,†The Bill of Rights†, and The other Amendments. The Federalist Papers are an over 50-page document of laws that the federalist believe and why the laws should be followed. Additionally, The Anti-Federalist Papers are an additional document to The Federalist Papers. The Anti-Federalist Papers explain reasons why the Federalist Papers are wrong in the opinion of others. â€Å"The Bill of Rights† are theRead MoreThe Debate On What Form Of Government The United States1021 Words   |  5 Pagesall thirteen states in 1781. The constitution that unified the thirteen colonies by law was the Articles of Confederation; it established a weak central government that was adherent to the states. Therefore, the first form of government the United States officially had was a confederacy; which is where power is given to the central government through states. However, th e new central government the Articles of Confederation created several shortcomings; for example, the national government did not haveRead MoreConfederation and Constitution1793 Words   |  8 PagesCONSTITUTION    By: Instructor: Comparison between the Articles of Confederation and Constitution The Articles of Confederation, formally known as the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, refers to an agreement between the thirteen founding states that first formed the United States of America as a confederation of sovereign states. The Articles of Confederation had served as the first U.S. constitution (Merrill, 1959).  The states under theRead MoreShould Congress Place Restrictions on Lobbying? Essay1649 Words   |  7 Pageslegislation. An analysis of the lobbying process reveals the outcomes are often times ethical, but chiefly controversial. This leaves us with a heated debate; should Congress tighten their restrictions on lobbying? Lobbying didn’t become popular until the twentieth century. James Madison discussed the earliest form of this practice in the Federalist Papers. This was a part of the Constitution that was crafted in order to cater to special interests. In the Federalist No. 10, Madison refers to these