The System of Electronic Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

The System of Electronic Business - Essay Example Whereas supply chain management is relatively straightforward to define, e-logistics inspires varying definitions. E-logistics can be defined to be the mechanism of automating logistics processes and providing an integrated, end-to-end fulfillment and supply chain management services to the players of logistics processes. Those logistics processes that are automated by e-logistics provide supply chain visibility and can be part of existing e-Commerce or Workflow systems in an enterprise (Zhang 2008). On the other hand, in a commercial manifestation, UPS presents its e-Logistics service as the hosting of a virtual logistics department for other companies that then present this capability as their own, but leave UPS to run and manage it (Levy 2008). These viewpoints can be considered as two halves making a whole in the light of the case study that we have selected: UPS, the company under consideration applies e-logistics in Zhang's sense to its own internal operation and offers e-logistics as in Levy's description to its business customers. With regard to these definitions, e-logistics is a part of supply chain management in general, but not an obligatory part. Supply chain management may or may not include such e-enablement. However, in this paper, our goal is to investigate the situation when supply chain management does use the Internet either wholly or partially and in particular what advantages or disadvantages are conferred by e-logistics. If the supply chain business process relating to e-logistics is most natural that of order fulfillment, other processes that complete the picture are customer relationship management, customer service management, and demand management. These processes involve all of the major departments of a typical company which is those of quality, logistics, marketing and sales, production, R&D, and finance (National Research Council 2000). A common theme in works on supply chain management is the competitive advantage to be gained from a fully integrated supply chain. Integrating into a single supply chain is hailed as the deciding factor for companies that will now succeed or fail (Handfield & Nicolas 1999).

Dissertation,Cross Culture Communication at Restaurant Literature review

Dissertation,Cross Culture Communication at Restaurant - Literature review Example Perhaps it is imperative to understand culture because it is the backbone of solving intercultural communication in every organizational set-up including restaurants. Merkin (2011) defines it; culture refers to customs, beliefs and formalities that define a society. Society in this context may be tribe, nation, region or business entities. The technological advancements and emergencies of multinational companies operating across borders consider the study of cross-cultural communication an inevitable move. For instance, if a U.S companies considers establishing a Greenfield investment in Nigeria, the company needs to understand how to communicate with Nigerians because aspects such as marketing largely depend on communication. Additionally, the company will have to employee Nigerians to work hence knowing how to talk enables the company handle their workforce appropriately. The scenario primarily applies to the hospitality industry that absorbs a large number of workers. Merkin (2011) emphasizes that migration across borders has been on the increase due to the quick transportation means, hence understanding cross-cultural communication helps peop le when they seek opportunities in various industries. Organizations too, benefit as they get to comprehend how to manage a diverse workforce. First, the demographic shifts illustrate that international migration is on the rise due to factors such as education, business activities, and work and government diplomacy. Evidently, people from different nations, tribes and regions are likely to find themselves existing in a single social setting. Understanding cross-cultural communication is necessary to promote harmonious living where people do not feel their culture is despised. Secondly, intercultural communication is strategically important to companies that have the diversified workforce and operate as multinational (Pekerti and Thomas, 2015). For instance, the